The technical challenges of better Space Situational Awareness and Space Traffic Management

Abstract Purpose This article explores the estimated collision risk for earth-orbiting spacecraft; the far-reaching effects of collisions and explosions; and the factors and challenges in obtaining timely, accurate, comprehensive, and transparent positional and situational awareness of our space operating environment, known as Space Situational Awareness (SSA). The practical implications of these challenges on our ability to conduct SSA and Space Traffic Management (STM) is also examined. Approach To meet the goals of this paper, the findings of previous collision risk, SSA and STM research papers were aggregated and summarized. Findings Overall, collision risk is not insignificant and continues to increase. While well-intentioned and typically beneficial, measures taken by operators and SSA centers to address collision risk are insufficient. SSA and STM are extremely challenging, and a holistic approach must be taken to address deficiencies throughout the current enterprise. Practical implications Timely and substantive improvements are required across the SSA and STM enterprises in order to maximize the effectiveness of safety-of-flight procedures and analyses.