Female students with A’s have similar physics self-efficacy as male students with C’s in introductory courses: A cause for alarm?

Emily M. Marshman, Z. Yasemin Kalender, Timothy Nokes-Malach, Christian Schunn, and Chandralekha Singh Department of Physics, Community College of Allegheny County, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, USA Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA Learning Research andDevelopment Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA