Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Formation Green River and some other Middle Eocene deposits of North America

Middle Eocene ants collected in Green River, Kishenehn and Klondike Mountain Formations in western North America are reviewed. 18 species and 12 genera (7 formal ones) are recorded, 6 genera and 15 species described as new (Mianeuretus eocenicus sp.n., Proiridomyrmex vetulus gen. sp.n., Dolichoderus kohlsi sp.n., Myrmecites rotundiceps gen. sp.n., Solenopsites minutus gen. sp.n., Ponerites eocenicus gen. sp.n., P. coloradensis sp.n., P. hypoponeroides sp.n., Pachycondyla labandeirai sp.n., Eoformica magna sp.n., E. globularis sp.n., Klondikia whiteae gen. sp.n., Kohlsimyrma laticeps gen. sp.n., K. longiceps sp.n., K. gracilis sp.n.). Key to genera is given for ant wingless impression fossils in Middle Eocene of N. America. Problems of preservational state and parataxonomy of ant impression fossils are discussed. General ant history is outlined based mainly on the Eurasian material, N. American data are considered on that background, and 4 main stages of ant history are identified: (1) later Early Cretaceous through latest Cretaceous: ancient ant fauna, (2) Paleocene and Early Eocene: old ant fauna, (3) Middle Eocene through at least Early Oligocene: formation of the modern fauna, and (4) Oligocene or Miocene through now: essentially modern fauna). ÐÅÇÞÌÅ. Ïåðåîïèñàíû ìóðàâüè ñðåäíåãî ýîöåíà èç ôîðìàöèé Ãðèí Ðèâåð, Êèøåíåí è Êëîíäàéê Ìàóíòèí çàïàäà Ñ. Àìåðèêè. Óñòàíîâëåíî 18 âèäîâ 12 ðîäîâ (â òîì ÷èñëå 7 ôîðìàëüíûõ ðîäîâ), 6 ðîäîâ è 15 âèäîâ íîâûå äëÿ íàóêè (Mianeuretus eocenicus sp.n., Proiridomyrmex vetulus gen. sp.n., Dolichoderus kohlsi sp.n., Myrmecites rotundiceps gen. sp.n., Solenopsites minutus gen. sp.n., Ponerites eocenicus gen. sp.n., P. coloradensis sp.n., P. hypoponeroides sp.n., Pachycondyla labandeirai sp.n., Eoformica magna sp.n., E. globularis sp.n., Klondikia whiteae gen. sp.n., Kohlsimyrma laticeps gen. sp.n., K. longiceps sp.n., K. gracilis sp.n.). Ïðèâåäåíà îïðåäåëèòåëüíàÿ òàáëèöà äëÿ ðîäîâ ñðåäíåýîöåíîâûõ ìóðàâüåâ, èçâåñòíûõ ïî îòïå÷àòêàì òåëà áåç êðûëüåâ. Îáñóæäàþòñÿ ïðîáëåìû ñîõðàííîñòè è ïàðàòàêñîíîìèè îòïå÷àòêîâ ìóðàâüåâ. Äàí àíàëèç îáùåé èñòîðèè ìóðàâüåâ è ìåñòà â íåé ñåâåðîàìåðèêàíñêèõ èñêîïàåìûõ. Âûÿâëåíû 4 îñíîâíûõ ýòàïà â èñòîðèè ìóðàâüåâ: (1) êîíåö ðàííåãî ìåëà — êîíåö ìåëà: äðåâíåéøàÿ ôàóíà, (2) ïàëåîöåí è ðàííèé ýîöåí: äðåâíÿÿ ôàóíà, (3) ñðåäíèé ýîöåí — îëèãîöåí (ïî ìåíüøåé ìåðå ðàííèé îëèãîöåí): ñòàíîâëåíèå ñîâðåìåííîé ôàóíû, (4) îëèãîöåí èëè ìèîöåí–íûíå: ñóùåñòâåííî ñîâðåìåííàÿ ôàóíà.