THE LINGUISTIC IMPERIALISM OF NEOLIBERAL EMPIRE

The article explores the transition from the linguistic imperialism of the colonial and postcolonial ages to the increasingly dominant role of English as a neoimperial language. It analyzes ‘global’ English as a key dimension of the U.S. empire. U.S. expansionism is a fundamental principle of the foreign policy of the United States that can be traced back over two centuries. Linguistic imperialism and neoimperialism are exemplified at the micro and macro levels, and some key defining traits explored, as are cultural and institutional links between the United Kingdom and the United States, and the role of foundations in promoting ‘world’ English. Whereas many parts of the world have experienced a longstanding engagement with English, the use of English in continental Europe has expanded markedly in recent years, as a result of many strands of globalization and European integration. Some ongoing tensions in language policy in Europe, and symptoms of complicity in accepting linguistic hegemony, are explored. Valid analysis of the role of language in corporate-driven globalization requires theory-building that situates discourses and cultural politics in the material realities of neoimperial market pressures. A plea is made for more active language policy formation to strengthen ongoing efforts to maintain linguistic diversity worldwide. 1The article builds on a keynote lecture at the conference ‘Dialogue under occupation. The Discourse of Enactment, Transaction, Reaction, and Resolution,’ November 7–10, 2006, convened at Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, by Dr. Larry Berlin. I am very grateful to Peter Ives, John Richardson, Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, and Sohail Karmani for insightful comments on a draft, and to Richard C. Smith for invaluable historical research.