The Multicultural Efficacy Scale: Development, Item Selection, and Reliability

Multicultural education is “a democratic approach to teaching and learning that seeks to foster cultural pluralism within culturally diverse societies and an interdependent world” (Bennett, Niggle, & Stage, 1990, p. 244). Multicultural teacher education is the effort to produce professional educators who are both committed to the ideals of multicultural education and competent in their practice of it. Hidalgo, Chavez-Chavez, and Ramage (1996) captured the complexity and the progression of evolving conceptions of multicultural education: