Meta-analysis of the incidence of pregnancy losses in dairy cows at different stages to 90 days of gestation

Graphical Abstract Summary: A meta-analysis was performed on a total of 19,723 diagnostic records of pregnancy loss from 46 studies on dairy cows. Pregnancy losses averaged 27%, 13%, 7%, and 2% in the early embryonic (19 to 32 days), late embryonic (30 to 45 days), early fetal (45 to 60 days), and later fetal (60 to 90 days) stages. These results provide a formal synthesis of the incidence of pregnancy losses in dairy cows.