Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy

D. Klionsky, Fábio Camargo Abdalla, H. Abeliovich, Robert T. Abraham, Abraham Acevedo-Arozena, K. Adeli, Lotta Agholme, M. Agnello, P. Agostinis, J. Aguirre-Ghiso, Hyung Jun Ahn, Ouardia Ait-Mohamed, S. Ait-Si-Ali, T. Akematsu, S. Akira, H. Al-Younes, Munir A. Al‐Zeer, Matthew Albert, R. L. Albin, J. Alegre-Abarrategui, M. F. Aleo, M. Alirezaei, Alexandru Almasan, M. Almonte-Becerril, Atsuo Amano, Ravi K. Amaravadi, Shoba Amarnath, Amal O. Amer, Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie, V. Anantharaman, D. Ann, S. Anoopkumar‐Dukie, Hiroshi Aoki, N. Apostolova, Giuseppe Arancia, John P. Aris, K. Asanuma, N. Asare, H. Ashida, V. Askanas, David S. Askew, P. Auberger, M. Baba, Steven K. Backues, E. Baehrecke, Ben A. Bahr, Xue-Yuan Bai, Yannick Bailly, R. Baiocchi, G. Baldini, W. Balduini, A. Ballabio, B. Bamber, Edward T. W. Bampton, G. Bánhegyi, Clinton R. Bartholomew, D. Bassham, R. Bast, H. Batoko, Boon-Huat Bay, Isabelle Beau, Daniel M. Béchet, Thomas J. Begley, Christian Behl, Christian Behrends, Soumeya Bekri, B. Bellaire, L. Bendall, L. Benetti, L. Berliocchi, Henri Bernardi, F. Bernassola, Sébastien Besteiro, I. Kiššová, Xiaoning Bi, M. Biard-Piechaczyk, Janice S. Blum, L. Boise, P. Bonaldo, David L. Boone, B. Bornhauser, K. Bortoluci, I. Bossis, F. Bost, Jean-Pierre Bourquin, Patricia Boya, Michaël Boyer-Guittaut, P. Bozhkov, N. R. Brady, Claudio Brancolini, A. Brech, J. Brenman, A. Brennand, E. Bresnick, P. Brest, D. Bridges, Molly L Bristol, Paul S. Brookes, Eric J. Brown, J. Brumell, N. Brunetti‐Pierri, Ulf T. Brunk, Dennis E. Bulman, S. Bultman, G. Bultynck, Lena F. Burbulla, Wilfried Bursch, Jonathan P Butchar, W. Buzgariu, S. Bydlowski, Ken Cadwell, M. Cahova, Dongsheng Cai, J. Cai, Q. Cai, Bruno Calabretta, Javier Calvo-Garrido, N. Camougrand, M. Campanella, J. Campos-Salinas, E. Candi, Lizhi Cao, Allan Caplan, S. Carding, Sandra M. Cardoso, J. Carew, Cathleen R Carlin, V. Carmignac, Letícia de Am Carneiro, Serena Carra, R. Caruso, G. Casari, Caty Casas, R. Castino, E. Cebollero, Francesco Cecconi, J. Celli, Hassan Chaachouay, H. Chae, C.‐Y. Chai, David C. Chan, Edmond Y W Chan, Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang, Chi-Ming Che, Ching-Chow Chen, Guang-Chao Chen, Guo-Qiang Chen, Min Chen, Quanliang Chen, Steve S.-L. Chen, Wen li Chen, Xi Chen, Xiangmei Chen, Xiequn Chen, Ye-Guang Chen, Yingyu Chen, Yongqiang Chen, Yu-Jen Chen, ZhiXiang Chen, Alan Cheng, Christopher H. K. Cheng, Yan Cheng, Heesun Cheong, Jae Ho Cheong, Sara R. Cherry, R. Chess-Williams, Zelda H. Cheung, É. Chevet, Hui-Ling Chiang, R. Chiarelli, Tomoki Chiba, L. Chin, Shih‐Hwa Chiou, F. Chisari, C. H. Cho, Dong-Hyung Cho, Augustine M. K. Choi, Doo Seok Choi, K. Choi, Mary E. Choi, Salem Chouaib, D. Choubey, V. Choubey, Charleen T. Chu, Tsung-Hsien Chuang, S. Chueh, Taehoon Chun, Y. Chwae, M. Chye, R. Ciarcia, M. Ciriolo, Michael J. Clague, Robert S. B. Clark, P.G.H. Clarke, Robert Clarke, Patrice Codogno, H. Coller, M. I. Colombo, S. Comincini, M. Condello, F. Condorelli, Mark R. Cookson, Graham H. Coombs, Isabelle Coppens, Ramón Corbalán, Pascale Cossart, P. Costelli, S. Costes, Ana Coto-Montes, E. Couve, F. Coxon, J. Cregg, José L. Crespo, Marianne J. Cronjé, Ana Maria Cuervo, J. J. Cullen, M. Czaja, M. D’Amelio, A. Darfeuille-Michaud, Lester M. Davids, Faith E. Davies, M. Felici, J. D. Groot, C. D. Haan, L. Martino, A. Milito, V. Tata, Jayanta Debnath, A. Degterev, Benjamin Dehay, L. Delbridge, F. Demarchi, Yi Deng, Jörn Dengjel, P. Dent, Donna Denton, V. Deretic, S. Desai, R. Devenish, M. Gioacchino, G. Paolo, C. D. Pietro, Guillermo Díaz-Araya, I. Díaz-Laviada, Maria T. Diaz-Meco, J. Díaz-Nido, I. Dikič, S. Dinesh-Kumar, Wen-Xing Ding, C. Distelhorst, A. Diwan, M. Djavaheri-Mergny, S. Dokudovskaya, Zheng Dong, F. C. Dorsey, V. E. Dosenko, James J. Dowling, Stephen J. Doxsey, Marlène Dreux, M. Drew, Qiuhong Duan, M. 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Furukawa, Matthias Gaestel, Philippe Gailly, Małgorzata Gajewska, Brigitte Galliot, V. Galy, S. Ganesh, Barry Ganetzky, I. Ganley, Fen‐Biao Gao, George F. Gao, Jinming Gao, Lorena García, G. Garcia-Manero, M. Garcia-Marcos, Marjan Garmyn, A. Gartel, E. Gatti, Mathias Gautel, Thomas R. Gawriluk, Matthew E Gegg, Jiefei Geng, Marc Germain, J. Gestwicki, D. Gewirtz, Saeid Ghavami, Pradipta Ghosh, A. M. Giammarioli, A. Giatromanolaki, Spencer B Gibson, R. Gilkerson, M. Ginger, Henry N. Ginsberg, J. Gołąb, M. Goligorsky, P. Golstein, C. Gomez-Manzano, E. Goncu, Céline Gongora, Claudio González, Ramon González, Cristina González-Estévez, R. González-Polo, E. González-Rey, N. Gorbunov, S. Gorski, S. Goruppi, Roberta A. Gottlieb, D. Gozuacik, G. Granato, G. Grant, Kim N. Green, A. Gregorc, F. Gros, Charles Grose, T. W. Grunt, Philippe Gual, Jun-Lin Guan, Kun-Liang Guan, Sylvie Guichard, A. Gukovskaya, I. Gukovsky, J. Gunst, Åsa B. Gustafsson, A. Halayko, Amber Hale, S. Halonen, Maho Hamasaki, Feng Han, Ting Han, Michael K. Hancock, M. Hansen, Hisashi Harada, Masaru Harada, S. Hardt, J. Harper, Adrian L. Harris, James S. Harris, Steven D. Harris, M. Hashimoto, J. A. Haspel, Shinichiro Hayashi, L. Hazelhurst, Congcong He, You-Wen He, Marie-Josée Hébert, K. Heidenreich, M. Helfrich, G. Helgason, E. Henske, B. Herman, Paul K. Herman, Claudio Hetz, Sabine Hilfiker, Joseph A. Hill, Lynne J. Hocking, Paul Hofman, Thomas G. Hofmann, J. Höhfeld, T. Holyoake, Ming-Huang Hong, David A Hood, G. Hotamisligil, E. Houwerzijl, M. Høyer-Hansen, Bingren Hu, Chien-An A. Hu, Hongchun Hu, Y. Hua, Canhua Huang, Ju Huang, Shengbing Huang, Wei‐Pang Huang, Tobias B. Huber, Won-Ki Huh, T. Hung, Tedd R Hupp, Gangmin Hur, James B. Hurley, Sabah N. A. Hussain, P. Hussey, J. Hwang, S. Hwang, Atsuhiro Ichihara, Shirin Ilkhanizadeh, K. Inoki, T. Into, V. Iovane, J. Iovanna, Nancy Y. Ip, Y. Isaka, Hiroyuki Ishida, C. Isidoro, Ken-ichi Isobe, Akiko Iwasaki, Marta Izquierdo, Y. Izumi, Panu Jaakkola, M. Jäättelä, G.R. Jackson, W. T. Jackson, B. Janji, M. Jendrach, Ju Hong Jeon, E. Jeung, Hongchi Jiang, Hongchi Jiang, Jean X. Jiang, M. Jiang, Qing Jiang, Xuejun Jiang, Alberto Jiménez, Meiyan Jin, Shengkan Jin, Cheol O. Joe, T. Johansen, Daniel E. Johnson, G. Johnson, Nicola L. Jones, Bertrand Joseph, S. Joseph, A. M. Joubert, Gábor Juhász, L. Juillerat-Jeanneret, C. Jung, Yong-Keun Jung, Kai Kaarniranta, Allen Kaasik, Tomohiro Kabuta, M. Kadowaki, Katarina Kågedal, Y. Kamada, V. Kaminskyy, H. Kampinga, H. Kanamori, Chanhee Kang, Kh Kang, K. Kang, Rui Kang, Yoon-A. Kang, T. Kanki, T. Kanneganti, H. Kanno, A. Kanthasamy, A. Kanthasamy, V. Karantza, G. Kaushal, Susmita Kaushik, Yoshinori Kawazoe, Po-Yuan Ke, J. Kehrl, Ameeta Kelekar, C. Kerkhoff, David Kessel, Hany Khalil, J. Kiel, A. Kiger, Akio Kihara, Deokgyu Kim, Do Hyung Kim, Dong-Hou Kim, Eun Kyoung Kim, Hyung-Ryong Kim, Jae-Sung Kim, Jeong-Sook Kim, J. Kim, Jonathon Kim, P. C. Kim, S. Kim, Yong-Sun Kim, Yonghyun Kim, Adi Kimchi, Alec C. Kimmelman, J. King, T. J. Kinsella, V. Kirkin, L. Kirshenbaum, K. Kitamoto, K. Kitazato, Ludger Klein, Walter T. Klimecki, J. Klucken, Erwin Knecht, B. Ko, J. Koch, H. Koga, Jae-Young Koh, Youngran Koh, Masato Koike, Masaaki Komatsu, Eiki Kominami, Hee Kong, Weijia Kong, Viktor I. Korolchuk, Y. Kotake, M. Koukourakis, Juan Flores, A. Kovács, C. Kraft, Dimitri Krainc, H. Krämer, Carole Kretz-Remy, Anna M. Krichevsky, G. Kroemer, Rejko Krüger, O. Krut, N. Ktistakis, Chia-Yi Kuan, R. Kucharczyk, Ashok Kumar, Raj Kumar, Sharad Kumar, M. Kundu, Hsing Jien Kung, T. Kurz, H. Kwon, Albert R. La Spada, Frank Lafont, Trond Lamark, Jacques Landry, Jon D. Lane, Pierre Lapaquette, Jocelyn Laporte, Lajos László, Sergio Lavandero, J. Lavoie, R. Layfield, Pedro A. Lazo, Weidong Le, L. Cam, Daniel J. Ledbetter, A. J. Lee, Byung-Wan Lee, Gyun Min Lee, Jongdae Lee, Ju‐Hyun Lee, Michael Lee, Myung-Shik Lee, S. Lee, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Patrick Legembre, R. Legouis, M. Lehmann, H. Y. Lei, Qunying Lei, David A. Leib, J. Leiro, J. Lemasters, Antoinette Lemoine, Maciej S. Lesniak, D. Lev, Victor V. Levenson, B. Levine, Efrat Levy, Faqiang Li, Jun-lin Li, Lian Li, Sheng Li, Weijie Li, Xue-jun Li, Yanbo Li, Yi-Ping Li, Chengyu Liang, Qiangrong Liang, Yung-Feng Liao, Paweł P. Liberski, A. Lieberman, Hyunjung Lim, Kah-Leong Lim, Kyu Lim, Chiou Feng Lin, Fu-Cheng Lin, Jiandie D. Lin, Jiandie D. Lin, Kui Lin, Wan-Wan Lin, Weei-Chin Lin, Yi-Ling Lin, Rafael Linden, P. Lingor, J. Lippincott-Schwartz, M. Lisanti, P. Liton, Bo Liu, Chun-Feng Liu, Kaiyu Liu, Leyuan Liu, Qiong Liu, Wei Liu, You Liu, Yule Liu, R. Lockshin, C. Lok, S. Lonial, Benjamin Loos, G. Lopez-Berestein, C. López‐Otín, L. Lossi, M. T. Lotze, Péter Löw, Binfeng Lu, Bingwei Lu, Bo Lu, Zhen Lu, F. Luciano, N. Lukacs, Anders H. Lund, Melinda A. Lynch-Day, Yongmin Ma, F. Macian, J. MacKeigan, Kay F. Macleod, F. Madeo, L. Maiuri, M. Maiuri, Davide Malagoli, M. C. V. Malicdan, W. Malorni, N. Man, E. Mandelkow, Stéphen Manon, Irena Manov, Kai Mao, Xiang Mao, Zixuan Mao, P. Marambaud, D. Marazziti, Yves L. Marcel, K. Marchbank, Piero Marchetti, S. J. Marciniak, M. Marcondes, M. Mardi, Gabriella Marfe, Guillermo Mariño, M. Markaki, Mark R. Marten, S. Martin, Camille Martinand-Mari, Wim Martinet, M. Martínez-Vicente, M. Masini, Paola Matarrese, Saburo Matsuo, Raffaele Matteoni, Andreas Mayer, N. Mazure, D. J. Mcconkey, M. McConnell, Catherine McDermott, Christine McDonald, Gerald McInerney, Sharon L. McKenna, BethAnn McLaughlin, Pamela J. McLean, Christopher R. McMaster, McQuibban Ga, Alfred J. Meijer, Miriam H. Meisler, A. Meléndez, T. Melia, G. Melino, M. Mena, J. Menéndez, R. S. Menna-Barreto, Manoj B. Menon, Fiona M Menzies, Carol A. Mercer, A. Merighi, Diane E. Merry, S. Meschini, Christian G. Meyer, Thomas F. Meyer, C. Miao, Jun-Ying Miao, Paul A.M. Michels, C. Michiels, Dalibor Mijaljica, A. Milojković, S. Minucci, C. Miracco, C. Miranti, I. Mitroulis, Keisuke Miyazawa, Noboru Mizushima, B. Mograbi, S. Mohseni, X. Molero, B. Mollereau, F. Mollinedo, T. Momoi, Iryna Monastyrska, M. Monick, Mervyn J. Monteiro, Michael Moore, Rodrigo Mora, Kevin Moreau, Paula I. Moreira, Y. Moriyasu, J. Moscat, Serge Mostowy, J. Mottram, Tomasz Motyl, C. Moussa, Sylke Müller, Sylviane Muller, Karl Münger, Christian Münz, L. Murphy, Maureen E. Murphy, A. Musarò, I. Mysorekar, Eiichiro Nagata, Kazuhiro Nagata, A. Nahimana, Usha Nair, Toshiyuki Nakagawa, K. Nakahira, Hiroyasu Nakano, H. Nakatogawa, M. Nanjundan, Naweed I. Naqvi, Derek P. Narendra, Masashi Narita, Miguel Navarro, S. Nawrocki, T. Nazarko, A. Nemchenko, M. Netea, T. P. Neufeld, Paul A. Ney, Ioannis P. Nezis, H. Nguyen, D. Nie, Ichizo Nishino, C. Nislow, Ralph A. Nixon, Takeshi Noda, A. A. Noegel, A. Nogalska, Satoru Noguchi, L. Notterpek, Ivana Novak, Tomoyoshi Nozaki, Nobuyuki Nukina, Thorsten Nürnberger, B. Nyfeler, Keisuke Obara, Terry D. Oberley, S. Oddo, Michinaga Ogawa, T. Ohashi, K. Okamoto, N. Oleinick, F. J. Oliver, L. J. Olsen, Stefan Olsson, O. Opota, Timothy F. Osborne, Gary K. Ostrander, Kinya Otsu, Jingxiao Ou, Mireille I Ouimet, M. Overholtzer, B. Ozpolat, Paolo Paganetti, U. Pagnini, Glen Pallet, Glen E. Palmer, C. Palumbo, T. Pan, T. Panaretakis, U. B. Pandey, Z. Papackova, I. Papassideri, I. Paris, Junsoo Park, Ohkmae K. Park, J. Parys, Katherine R Parzych, Susann Patschan, Cam Patterson, S. Pattingre, John M. Pawelek, Jianxin Peng, D. Perlmutter, Ida Perotta, G. Perry, S. Pervaiz, Matthias Peter, G. J. Peters, Morten Petersen, Goran Petrovski, James M. Phang, M. Piacentini, Philippe Pierre, Valérie Pierrefite-Carle, G. Pierron, R. Pinkas-Kramarski, A. Piras, Natik Piri, Leonidas C. Platanias, S. Pöggeler, M. Poirot, Angelo Poletti, Christian Poüs, Mercedes Pozuelo-Rubio, M. Prætorius-Ibba, A. Prasad, M. Prescott, M. Priault, Nathalie Produit-Zengaffinen, Ann Progulske-Fox, T. 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Sánchez-Alcázar, Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto, Marco Sandri, U. Sankar, P. Sansanwal, L. Santambrogio, S. Saran, Sovan Sarkar, M. Sarwal, C. Sasakawa, A. Sasnauskiene, Miklós Sass, Ken Sato, Miyuki Sato, A. Schapira, M. Scharl, Hermann M. Schätzl, W. Scheper, Stefano Schiaffino, C. Schneider, M. Schneider, R. Schneider-Stock, P. Schoenlein, D. Schorderet, Christoph Schüller, Gary K. Schwartz, Luca Scorrano, L. Sealy, P. O. Seglen, J. Segura-Aguilar, I. Seiliez, Oleksandr Seleverstov, Christian Sell, Jong-Bok Seo, D. Separovic, V. Setaluri, T. Setoguchi, C. Settembre, J. Shacka, Mala Shanmugam, Irving M. Shapiro, E. Shaulian, R. Shaw, J. H. Shelhamer, Han-Ming Shen, Wei-Chiang Shen, Zu-Hang Sheng, Yang Shi

2012.4.1/Autophagy