Foeniculum vulgare Extract Enhances Estrogen Levels, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Protect Ovarian Histology in Rats Exposed to Bisphenol A

Objective: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor that interferes with estrogen (E2) levels, while Foeniculum vulgare L. (FV), a plant with phytoestrogen compounds and medicinal properties, has been suggested as a potential remedy against endocrine disruptors. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of FV extract on changes in estrogen levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO), and ovarian structure in rats induced by BPA. Methods: The study used 30 female rats that were divided into different treatment groups, including a control group, a BPA group, and 3 BPA-FV-treated groups with varying doses of FV (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). Blood samples were taken from the rats to measure estrogen, TAC, and NO levels, while their ovaries were analyzed. Results: The results showed that BPA exposure caused a reduction in E2, TAC, and the number of ovarian follicles while increasing NO levels. However, treatment with FV extract resulted in increased E2 and TAC levels and the number of ovarian follicles while reducing NO levels. Conclusion: FV extract could be used as a natural supplement to mitigate the harmful effects of BPA.