Molecular immunological aspects of diagnostics, prevention and treatment of coronavirus infection

The rapid spread of the infection caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which in a short time covered almost the whole world and acquired the pandemic character, has become a serious challenge to the health care system. Unprecedented measures are being taken to organize medical care for infected people, carry out quarantine measures, develop drugs for treatment and prevention of infection. Over the past 2020 year a significant amount of scientific information has been accumulated about the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the biology of the virus and its interaction with the human immune system. This made it possible to come close to the development of effective substances of countering the spread of a new coronavirus infection – the development of effective vaccines and innovative targeted antiviral drugs. This review is devoted to analysis of the latest advances in the diagnosis, immunoprophylactics and treatment of COVID-19, a disease caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.