Indomethacin‐responsive headaches—A narrative review

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2021 The Authors. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Headache Society. Abbreviations: CAS, cranial autonomic symptoms; CBF, cerebral flood flow; cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate; CGRP, calcitonin generelated peptide; Cmax, maximum serum concentration of the drug; CNS, central nervous system; COX, cyclooxygenase; CSD, cortical spreading depression; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CPH, chronic paroxysmal hemicrania; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; FDA, food and drug administration; GABA, gamma aminoburtyric acid; GTN, glyceryl trinitrate; HC, hemicrania continua; ICHD3, international classification of headache disorders 3rd edition; ICP, intracranial pressure; IM, intramuscular; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; LNAME, NgnitroLarginine methyl ester; LNMMA, LNGmonomethyl arginine; LNNA, NGnitroLarginine; NMDA, NmethylDaspartate; nNOS, neuronal nitric oxide synthase; NO, nitric oxide; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; nVNS, noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation; PaCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PH, paroxysmal hemicrania; REM, rapid eye movements; TACs, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias; TCC, trigeminocervical complex; TDS, ter die sumendum, three times a day; Tmax, time at which the Cmax is observed; SSN, superior salivatory nucleus. 1Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK 2Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA