A robust time-cost-quality-energy-environment trade-off with resource-constrained in project management: A case study for a bridge construction project

Sustainable development requires scheduling and implementation of projects by considering cost, environment, energy, and quality factors. Using a robust approach, this study investigates the time-cost-quality-energy-environment problem in executing projects and practically indicates its implementation capability in the form of a case study of a bridge construction project in Tehran, Iran. This study aims to take into account the sustainability pillars in scheduling projects and uncertainties in modeling them. To model the study problem, robust nonlinear programming (NLP) involving the objectives of cost, quality, energy, and pollution level is applied with resource-constrained. According to the results, as time diminished, the cost, energy, and pollution initially decreased and then increased, witha reduction in quality. To make the model close to the real world by considering uncertainties, the cost and quality tangibly improved, and pollution and energy consumption declined. We applied the augmented \begin{document}$ \varepsilon $\end{document} -constraint method to solve the proposed model. According to the result of the research, with regard to the time-cost, time-quality, time-energy, and time-pollution charts, as uncertainty increases, the cost and quality will improve, and pollution and energy will decrease. The proposed model can be employed for all industrial projects, including roads, construction, and manufacturing.