Development and Recent Progress on Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts for Haber–Bosch Process

to ammonia. New catalysts for the Haber – Bosch process are the key to achieving green ammonia production in the foreseeable future. Herein, the history of ammonia synthesis catalyst development is brie fl y described as well as recent progress in catalyst development with the aim of building an overview of the current state of ammonia synthesis catalysts for the Haber – Bosch process. The new emerging ammonia synthesis catalysts, including electride, hydride, amide, perovskite oxide hydride/oxynitride hydride, nitride, and oxide promoted metals such as Fe, Co, and Ni, are promising alternatives to the conventional fused-Fe and promoted-Ru catalysts for existing ammonia synthesis plants and future distributed green ammonia synthesis based on the Haber – Bosch process. the expensive catalyst promoter wt% catalyst, wt% by Fe, Fe fused-iron