Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an ecotoxicological model for Nanomaterial induced toxicity profiling

With the advancement of technologies, the evolution of nanoscience is occurring at a rapid pace. The demand for nanomaterials in various industries has increased. However, they may pose an increased risk upon exposure to living organisms, demanding toxicological studies. Although risk assessment of nanomaterials is a challenge due to their varieties in sizes and variability in properties, different meth-odologies of toxicity screenings have been used successfully to evaluate the potential risks. Although nanotechnology has contributed to technology development and well-being, information in these fields is still incomplete. Fortunately, those areas are under continuous research, and there are increasing experimental efforts in determining the environmental effects on humans exposed to nanoparticles. Since the field of nanotechnology is continuously expanding, we need medium- to high throughput nanotoxicity screenings to determine any potential risks caused by nanomaterials. Zebrafish, a well-established model for mammalian research, have advantages when used in these toxicity screenings. This review describes various kinds of toxicities induced in zebrafish embryos by different kinds of nanoparticles. A significant number of experimental data from toxicological studies are also presented that determine nanomaterials' effects, which can be modulated or further mitigated to create a positive impact on living organisms. Cell lines, culture methods, cytotoxicity assay (MTT test), toxicity and anti-angiogenic assays with transgenic zebrafish, acute toxicity testing, skin sensitization tests, repeated dose toxicity testing, mutagenicity testing, chronic oral toxicity testing, carcinogenicity testing, toxicokinetics, neurotoxicity, developmental toxicity, genetic