This study analyzes how fake news spreads on digital platforms and examines users’ perceptions and response strategies. In the online news environment, the rapid dissemination of information often leads to the consumption and sharing of content without verification of its accuracy. Through surveys and case analyses, this research explores how users identify fake news and what criteria they use to determine its credibility. It also investigates the influence of platform algorithms and users' media literacy on information judgment, and proposes more effective strategies for responding to fake news.

This study analyzes how fake news spreads on digital platforms [1][2] and examines users’ perceptions and response strategies [3][4]. In the online news environment, the rapid dissemination of information often leads to the consumption and sharing of content without verification of its accuracy [1][2]. Through surveys and case analyses, this research explores how users identify fake news and what criteria they use to determine its credibility [5][6]. It also investigates the influence of platform algorithms [7] and users’ media literacy on information judgment [6][8], and proposes more effective strategies for responding to fake news [4][9]. Explanation of reference selection References [1] and [2] were chosen to support the discussion of how fake news spreads and the key determinants of its diffusion on social media. Reference [3] provides a scoping review of factors influencing belief in misinformation, and [4] surveys stakeholder interventions and technological solutions, both relevant to users’ perceptions and response strategies. The rapid sharing of unverified content is documented in [1], which outlines challenges in social media detection, and in [2], which highlights the fast-paced ecosystem as a diffusion driver. User identification behaviors are empirically examined in [5], while [6] links dispositional news literacy to recognition and authentication practices. The role of platform algorithms in amplifying distortions is discussed in [7]. Media literacy’s impact on veracity judgments is evidenced by [6] and quantitatively confirmed through intervention meta-analysis in [8]. Finally, [9] demonstrates the efficacy of social-norm interventions for reporting fake news, and [4] offers a comprehensive survey of stakeholder-driven mitigation strategies.