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To synthesize genuine Au@Fe₃O₄ core–shell nanoparticles with Au as the core and Fe₃O₄ as the shell, a robust and well-established method is the seed-mediated thermal decomposition approach, which allows precise control over core and shell sizes, morphology, and crystallinity. This method proceeds via two main stages: --- 1. Synthesis of Monodisperse Gold Nanoparticle Cores The classical Turkevich method or its modifications yield citrate-stabilized Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) of tunable size (15–20 nm) in aqueous solution. The procedure includes reduction of HAuCl₄ by trisodium citrate under reflux, leading to colloidal AuNPs stabilized by citrate ions. When subsequent coating in organic phase is desired, ligand exchange with hydrophobic molecules like oleylamine or dodecanethiol is performed to transfer AuNPs to an organic solvent (e.g., chloroform, hexane) [Preliminary Answer]. --- 2. Coating AuNPs with a Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) Shell via Thermal Decomposition This involves the controlled dec