Stability Enhancement of a Three-Island Interconnected Power System Using a Multi-Verse Optimizer Tuned Linear Quadratic Gaussian Controller

Stability of power systems is crucial for maintaining a consistent and dependable supply of electricity to users during both normal and disrupted operating conditions. Networks may encounter blackouts when frequency instability prevents power generation and load demands from being matched. To get around this problem, the interconnected power system must be managed to achieve two main functions: damp out frequency deviation and maintain tie-line power at its predetermined level. As a component of Automatic Generation Control (AGC), the Load-Frequency Control (LFC) mechanism can accomplish these two goals. In this study, a secondary controller called the Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) is introduced, and its weighting matrices are tuned using the Multi-Verse Optimizer (MVO) algorithm. Under the different levels of load disturbances along with penetration of solar (PV) modules or installation of electric vehicles (EV<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}_{\mathrm {S}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), 3-island interconnected power system will be analyzed as a case study. According to simulation findings performed with MATLAB/SIMULINK software, the LQG controller can push both frequency and tie-line power oscillations to zero under any challenging operating scenario.