Cite papers that reinforce this argument

The relationship between urban green spaces and mental health outcomes in city populations is multifaceted, involving physical, psychological, and social dimensions shaped both by direct experience in green environments and the broader urban context in which these spaces are embedded [1][2][3][4][5][6].

Explanation of reference selection and relevance:

• [1] Callaghan et al. (2020): This scoping review highlights the positive associations between urban green spaces and a wide range of mental health outcomes, supporting the claim of multifaceted benefits shaped by direct experience in green environments.
• [2] Lee et al. (2015): This paper discusses how urban green spaces contribute to health and wellbeing through environmental, physical, and social pathways and explicitly addresses the complexity and multi-dimensionality of these relationships.
• [3] Home et al. (2012): This study explores psychosocial motivations for visiting green spaces, identifying restoration, social bonding, and psychological wellbeing as key dimensions.
• [4] Pretty et al. (2005): This research demonstrates the synergistic mental and physical health benefits of “green exercise,” reinforcing the role of direct experience in green environments for psychological outcomes.
• [5] Siah et al. (2022): This review synthesizes evidence of the psychological benefits derived from engagement with restorative green environments in cities, and underscores the importance of context and professional involvement.
• [6] Burls (2007): This article provides evidence for the social dimension, discussing how engagement with green spaces through ecotherapeutic approaches leads to both individual and broader community health outcomes.

Each reference was chosen for its demonstration that the impacts of urban green spaces on mental health span across physical, psychological, and social domains, and are shaped by both direct experiences within these environments and their larger urban context.